Sieving pore design enables stable and fast alloying chemistry of silicon negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries

Jiaxing He, Youzhi Deng, Junwei Han (), Tianze Xu, Jiangshan Qi, Jinghong Li, Yibo Zhang, Ziyun Zhao, Qi Li, Jing Xiao, Jun Zhang, Debin Kong, Wei Wei, Shichao Wu () and Quan-Hong Yang ()
Additional contact information
Jiaxing He: Tianjin University
Youzhi Deng: Zettawatt Energy (Changzhou) Technology Co., Ltd
Junwei Han: Tianjin University
Tianze Xu: Tianjin University
Jiangshan Qi: Tianjin University
Jinghong Li: Tianjin University
Yibo Zhang: Tianjin University
Ziyun Zhao: Tianjin University
Qi Li: Tianjin University
Jing Xiao: Tianjin University
Jun Zhang: Tianjin University
Debin Kong: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Wei Wei: Zettawatt Energy (Changzhou) Technology Co., Ltd
Shichao Wu: Tianjin University
Quan-Hong Yang: Tianjin University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Ideal silicon negative electrodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries are expected to feature high capacity, minimal expansion, long lifespan, and fast charging. Yet, engineered silicon materials face a fundamental paradox associated with particle deformation and charge transfer, which hinders the industrial use of advanced silicon electrode materials. Here we show a sieving-pore design for carbon supports that overcomes these mechano-kinetic limitations to enable stable, fast (de)alloying chemistries of silicon negative electrodes. Such a sieving-pore structure features an inner nanopore body with reserved voids to accommodate high-mass-content silicon deformation and an outer sub-nanopore entrance to induce both pre-desolvation and fast intrapore transport of ions during cycling. Importantly, the sieving effect yields inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphases to mechanically confine the in-pore silicon, producing a stress-voltage coupling effect that mitigates the formation of detrimental crystalline Li15Si4. As a result, this design enables low electrode expansion (58% at the specific capacity of 1773 mAh g−1 and areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2), high initial/cyclic Coulombic efficiency (93.6%/99.9%), and minimal capacity decay (0.015% per cycle). A practical pouch cell with such a sieving-pore silicon negative electrode delivers 80% capacity retention over 1700 cycles at 2 A as well as a 10-min fast charging capability.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60191-9

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