Decomposing the molecular complexity and transformation of dissolved organic matter for innovative anaerobic bioprocessing

Jun Hu, Chuan-Guo Liu, Wen-Kai Zhang, Xue-Wen Liu, Bin Dong, Zhan-Dong Wang, Yuan-Guo Xie, Zheng-Shuang Hua and Xian-Wei Liu ()
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Jun Hu: University of Science and Technology of China
Chuan-Guo Liu: University of Science and Technology of China
Wen-Kai Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China
Xue-Wen Liu: University of Science and Technology of China
Bin Dong: University of Science and Technology of China
Zhan-Dong Wang: University of Science and Technology of China
Yuan-Guo Xie: University of Science and Technology of China
Zheng-Shuang Hua: University of Science and Technology of China
Xian-Wei Liu: University of Science and Technology of China

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The sustainable transformation and management of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are crucial for advancing organic waste treatment towards resource-oriented processes. However, the intricate molecular complexity of DOM poses significant challenges, impeding a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biochemical processes. Here, we focus on the chemical “dark matter” mining using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry technologies to elucidate the molecular diversity and transformation in anaerobic bioprocessing of food waste. We developed an analytical framework that reveals the persistence of DOM in the final effluent is mainly determined by its molecular properties, such as carbon chain length, aromaticity, unsaturation, and redox states. Our in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of key biochemical reactions unveils the evolution of DOM composition, providing valuable insights into the targeted conversion of persistent molecules toward full utilization. Additionally, we establish a correlation between the redox state and energy density of a broad range of DOM molecules, enabling us to comprehend and evaluate their biodegradability. These insights enhance the mechanistic understanding of DOM transformation, guiding the rational design and regulation of sustainable organic waste treatment strategies.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60240-3

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