Baseband control of single-electron silicon spin qubits in two dimensions

Florian K. Unseld, Brennan Undseth, Eline Raymenants, Yuta Matsumoto, Sander L. Snoo, Saurabh Karwal, Oriol Pietx-Casas, Alexander S. Ivlev, Marcel Meyer, Amir Sammak, Menno Veldhorst, Giordano Scappucci and Lieven M. K. Vandersypen ()
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Florian K. Unseld: Delft University of Technology
Brennan Undseth: Delft University of Technology
Eline Raymenants: Delft University of Technology
Yuta Matsumoto: Delft University of Technology
Sander L. Snoo: Delft University of Technology
Saurabh Karwal: QuTech and Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Oriol Pietx-Casas: Delft University of Technology
Alexander S. Ivlev: Delft University of Technology
Marcel Meyer: Delft University of Technology
Amir Sammak: QuTech and Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Menno Veldhorst: Delft University of Technology
Giordano Scappucci: Delft University of Technology
Lieven M. K. Vandersypen: Delft University of Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Micromagnet-enabled electric-dipole spin resonance (EDSR) is an established method for high-fidelity single-spin control in silicon, although so far experiments have been restricted to one-dimensional arrays. In contrast, qubit control based on hopping spins has recently emerged as a compelling alternative, with high-fidelity baseband control realized in sparse two-dimensional hole arrays in germanium. In this work, we commission a 28Si/SiGe 2 × 2 quantum dot array both as a four-qubit device using EDSR and as a two-qubit device using baseband hopping control. We establish a lower bound on the fidelity of the hopping gate of 99.50(6)%, which is similar to the average fidelity of the resonant gate. The hopping gate also circumvents the transient pulse-induced resonance shift from heating observed during EDSR operation. To motivate hopping spins as an attractive means of scaling silicon spin-qubit arrays, we propose an extensible nanomagnet design that enables engineered baseband control of large spin arrays.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60351-x

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