Cell-specific mechanisms drive connectivity across the time course of Huntington’s disease

Carlos Estevez-Fraga (), Isaac Sebenius, Justine Y. Hansen, Benjamin Hänisch, Paul Zeun, Rachael I. Scahill, Sarah Gregory, Eilanoir B. Johnson, Edward J. Wild, Lauren M. Byrne, Alexandra Durr, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Blair R. Leavitt, Bratislav Misic, Sofie Louise Valk, Geraint Rees, Sarah J. Tabrizi () and Peter McColgan
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Carlos Estevez-Fraga: University College London
Isaac Sebenius: University of Cambridge
Justine Y. Hansen: McGill University
Benjamin Hänisch: University Hospital Tübingen
Paul Zeun: Southampton General Hospital
Rachael I. Scahill: University College London
Sarah Gregory: University College London
Eilanoir B. Johnson: Department for Science Innovation and Technology
Edward J. Wild: University College London
Lauren M. Byrne: University College London
Alexandra Durr: Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital
Bernhard Landwehrmeyer: University of Ulm
Blair R. Leavitt: University of British Columbia
Bratislav Misic: McGill University
Sofie Louise Valk: Research Centre Jülich
Geraint Rees: University College London
Sarah J. Tabrizi: University College London
Peter McColgan: University College London

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Hyperconnectivity in functional brain networks occurs decades before disease onset in Huntington’s disease. However, the biological mechanisms remain unknown. We investigate connectivity in Huntington’s disease using Morphometric INverse Divergence (MIND) in three Huntington’s disease cohorts (N = 512) spanning from two decades before the onset of symptoms through to functional decline. Here, we identify stage-specific profiles, with hyperconnectivity 22 years from predicted motor onset, progressing to hypoconnectivity through the late premanifest and manifest stages, showing that hypoconnectivity is correlated with neurofilament light concentrations. To understand the biological mechanisms, we investigate associations with cortical organization principles including disease epicentres and cell-autonomous systems, in particular neurotransmitter distribution. The contribution from disease epicentres is limited to late premanifest while cell-autonomous associations are demonstrated across the Huntington’s disease lifespan. Specific relationships to cholinergic and serotoninergic systems localized to granular and infragranular cortical layers are identified, consistent with serotoninergic layer 5a neuronal vulnerability previously identified in post-mortem brains.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60556-0

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