Echs1-mediated histone crotonylation facilitates zygotic genome activation and expression of repetitive elements in early mammalian embryos

Yong-feng Wang, Yu-ting Wan, Qian-rong Qi, Qing Tian, Xin-mei Liu, Qing-zhen Xie (), Ying Yin () and Li-quan Zhou ()
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Yong-feng Wang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yu-ting Wan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Qian-rong Qi: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Qing Tian: Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
Xin-mei Liu: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development
Qing-zhen Xie: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Ying Yin: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Li-quan Zhou: Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-21

Abstract: Abstract Histone crotonylation, a conserved post-translational histone modification, plays a crucial role in transcriptional regulation. However, its function in early embryonic development remains largely unexplored. Here, we perform genome-wide mapping of histone crotonylation in mouse and human early embryos. Our analysis reveals that histone crotonylation is highly enriched at promoter regions and exhibits distinct dynamic patterns throughout embryogenesis. Notably, strong histone crotonylation signals are observed at the mouse 2-cell and human 4-to-8-cell stages, coinciding with zygotic genome activation. In mice, Echs1 knockdown in oocytes, which suppresses histone crotonylation, results in developmental arrest at the 2-cell stage. Further investigation demonstrates that reduced histone crotonylation impairs transcriptional activity at zygotic genome activation genes, retrotransposon elements, and ribosomal DNA loci. Moreover, early embryos from aged female mice exhibit significantly diminished histone crotonylation, while supplementation with exogenous sodium crotonate enhances blastocyst formation. Collectively, our findings establish histone crotonylation as a key regulatory mechanism in early mammalian embryogenesis by facilitating transcriptional activation of zygotic genome activation genes and repetitive elements.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60565-z

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