Van der Waals photonic integrated circuit with coherent light generation

Tianhua Ren, Andrés Granados del Águila (), Zhaolong Chen, Qianhui Xu, Xuehong Zhou, Rui Duan, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Xiao Gong, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Kostya S. Novoselov (), Maciej Koperski () and Handong Sun ()
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Tianhua Ren: University of Macau
Andrés Granados del Águila: University of Valencia
Zhaolong Chen: National University of Singapore
Qianhui Xu: Nanyang Technological University
Xuehong Zhou: Nanyang Technological University
Rui Duan: University of Macau
Magdalena Grzeszczyk: National University of Singapore
Xiao Gong: National University of Singapore
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Kostya S. Novoselov: National University of Singapore
Maciej Koperski: National University of Singapore
Handong Sun: University of Macau

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional semiconductors hold great potential as coherent light sources for photonic integrated circuits. However, the conventional integration of two-dimensional materials onto silicon photonics introduces significant structural and optoelectronic drawbacks, hindering the practical realization of coherent photonic circuits. Here, we introduce the concept of a van der Waals photonic integrated circuit, which is a complete on-chip optical system fabricated entirely from a van der Waals heterostructure. By combining multifunctional two-dimensional materials into a single heterostructure, we realize a fully functional photonic circuitry capable of benchtop coherent light generation, propagation, transmission, and modulation via a silicon back gate. The monolithic approach to heterostructure circuitry supports the effective integration of various photonic components based on two-dimensional materials with stable electro-optic interconnections. The coherence of light emission is systematically verified by second-order correlation experiments at room temperature, showing a clear power-dependent transition to a Poissonian regime. Our work establishes a pathway for coherent van der Waals photonics incorporated with standard silicon manufacturing processes.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60778-2

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