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Slow and highly confined plasmons observed in atomically thin TaS2

Hue T. B. Do, Meng Zhao (), Pengfei Li, Yu Wei Soh, Jagadesh Rangaraj, Bingyan Liu, Tianyu Jiang, Xinyue Zhang, Jiong Lu, Peng Song, Jinghua Teng and Michel Bosman ()
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Hue T. B. Do: National University of Singapore
Meng Zhao: Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
Pengfei Li: National University of Singapore
Yu Wei Soh: Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
Jagadesh Rangaraj: National University of Singapore
Bingyan Liu: Nanyang Technological University
Tianyu Jiang: Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
Xinyue Zhang: National University of Singapore
Jiong Lu: National University of Singapore
Peng Song: Nanyang Technological University
Jinghua Teng: Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
Michel Bosman: National University of Singapore

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Extreme light confinement down to the atomic scale has been theoretically predicted for ultrathin, Ta-based transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In this work, we report the observation of highly confined plasmons in 2H-TaS2 monolayers and bilayers via momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (q-EELS), with a resolution of 0.0056 Å−1. Momentum-dispersed two-dimensional (2D) plasmon resonances were found to exhibit a lateral confinement ratio up to 300 at large wave vectors of q = 0.15 Å−1 and slow light behaviour with a group velocity ~10-4c. Moreover, we observed a transition from 2D to 3D Coulomb interaction in the high-momentum regime, equivalent to light confinement volumes of 1-2 nm3. Remarkably, the resonant modes do not enter the electron-hole continuum, potentially enabling even further enhanced optical field confinements for this material at cryogenic temperatures.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60814-1

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