Stable ultrafast graphene hot-electron source on optical fiber

Guangjie Yao, Hao Hong (), Xu Zhou, Kaifeng Lin, Huazhan Liu, Yilong You, Chang Liu, Ke Chen, Chi Li, Jianbo Yin, Zhujun Wang, Xuewen Fu, Qing Dai (), Dapeng Yu () and Kaihui Liu ()
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Guangjie Yao: Peking University
Hao Hong: Peking University
Xu Zhou: South China Normal University
Kaifeng Lin: Peking University
Huazhan Liu: Peking University
Yilong You: Peking University
Chang Liu: Peking University
Ke Chen: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Chi Li: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Jianbo Yin: Peking University
Zhujun Wang: Shanghai Tech University
Xuewen Fu: Nankai University
Qing Dai: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Dapeng Yu: Peking University
Kaihui Liu: Peking University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract A stable and durable ultrafast electron source is highly desirable for sophisticated vacuum electron technologies. However, free-space excitations based on ultrahigh-power or deep-ultraviolet pulsed lasers usually cause cathode material damage and mechanical vibration even under ultrahigh vacuum. In this work, we present a compact ultrafast electron source consisting of graphene integrated on an optical fiber, taking advantage of the ultrafast hot-electron emission from graphene and well-defined single-mode excitation from the optical fiber. With mild excitation (~1 GW/cm2, infrared laser), an ultrashort electron pulse (width of ~ 80 fs) with high stability (fluctuation ≤±0.5% in 8 hours) and longevity (T90 > 500 hours) can be generated even under relatively high ambient pressure (up to 100 Pa). This compact source has been facilely integrated into a commercial electron microscope for time-resolved imaging and spectroscopy. Our graphene optical fiber-based ultrafast electron source offers a promising solution to support the development of vacuum electron instruments.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60915-x

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