Floquet-Bloch valleytronics

Sotirios Fragkos, Baptiste Fabre, Olena Tkach, Stéphane Petit, Dominique Descamps, Gerd Schönhense, Yann Mairesse, Michael Schüler () and Samuel Beaulieu ()
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Sotirios Fragkos: UMR5107
Baptiste Fabre: UMR5107
Olena Tkach: Institut für Physik
Stéphane Petit: UMR5107
Dominique Descamps: UMR5107
Gerd Schönhense: Institut für Physik
Yann Mairesse: UMR5107
Michael Schüler: PSI Center for Scientific Computing, Theory and Data
Samuel Beaulieu: UMR5107

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Upon time-periodic driving of electrons using electromagnetic fields, the emergence of Floquet-Bloch states enables the creation and control of exotic quantum phases. In transition metal dichalcogenides, broken inversion symmetry within each monolayer results in Berry curvature at the K and K′ valley extrema, giving rise to chiroptical selection rules that are fundamental to valleytronics. Here, we bridge the gap between these two concepts and introduce Floquet-Bloch valleytronics. Using time- and polarization-resolved extreme ultraviolet momentum microscopy combined with state-of-the-art ab initio theory, we demonstrate the formation of valley-polarized Floquet-Bloch states in 2H-WSe2 upon below-bandgap driving with circularly polarized light pulses. We investigate quantum-path interference between Floquet-Bloch and Volkov states, revealing its dependence on the valley pseudospin and light polarization. Extreme ultraviolet photoemission circular dichroism in these non-equilibrium settings reveals the potential for controlling the orbital character of Floquet-engineered states. These findings link Floquet engineering and quantum-geometric light-matter coupling in two-dimensional materials.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61076-7

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