Biotechnological approaches and therapeutic potential of mitochondria transfer and transplantation

Gokhan Burcin Kubat (), Pasquale Picone (), Erkan Tuncay, Leila Aryan, Antonella Girgenti, Laura Palumbo, Ibrahim Turkel, Firat Akat, Keshav K. Singh and Domenico Nuzzo
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Gokhan Burcin Kubat: Baskent University
Pasquale Picone: Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica
Erkan Tuncay: Ankara University
Leila Aryan: Ankara University
Antonella Girgenti: Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica
Laura Palumbo: Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica
Ibrahim Turkel: Hacettepe University
Firat Akat: Ankara University
Keshav K. Singh: University of Alabama at Birmingham
Domenico Nuzzo: Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to aging and diseases like neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disorders. Mitochondria transfer and transplantation (MTT) represent promising therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cellular function by introducing functional mitochondria into damaged cells. However, challenges like transfer efficiency, stability, and cellular integration limit clinical application. Recent biotechnological advances—such as liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and surface modifications—enhance mitochondrial protection, targeting, and biocompatibility. This Perspective highlights recent progress in MTT, its therapeutic potential, and current limitations. We also discuss the need for scalable, clinically translatable approaches and appropriate regulatory frameworks to realize the full potential of mitochondria-based nanotherapies in modern medicine.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61239-6

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