Regulating wide-bandgap perovskite face-on stacking in hybrid-deposited perovskite/organic tandem solar cells

Yu-Duan Wang, Zhenrong Jia, Shunchang Liu, Ran Luo, Yuchen Zhang, Julian A. Steele, Zachary Degnan, M. Bilal Faheem, Eduardo Solano, Quinn Qiao, Jia Li, Zhuojie Shi, Ling Kai Lee, Xiao Guo, Zijing Dong, Xi Wang, Jinxi Chen, Nengxu Li, Qilin Zhou, Zhouyin Wei, Xinyi Du and Yi Hou ()
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Yu-Duan Wang: National University of Singapore
Zhenrong Jia: National University of Singapore
Shunchang Liu: National University of Singapore
Ran Luo: National University of Singapore
Yuchen Zhang: Syracuse University
Julian A. Steele: St Lucia
Zachary Degnan: The University of Queensland
M. Bilal Faheem: Syracuse University
Eduardo Solano: Cerdanyola del Vallés
Quinn Qiao: Syracuse University
Jia Li: National University of Singapore
Zhuojie Shi: National University of Singapore
Ling Kai Lee: National University of Singapore
Xiao Guo: National University of Singapore
Zijing Dong: National University of Singapore
Xi Wang: National University of Singapore
Jinxi Chen: National University of Singapore
Nengxu Li: National University of Singapore
Qilin Zhou: National University of Singapore
Zhouyin Wei: National University of Singapore
Xinyi Du: National University of Singapore
Yi Hou: National University of Singapore

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Vacuum-assisted hybrid deposition for wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites has been widely recognized for its advantages, including convenience for scaling up and conformal growth, while avoiding toxic solvents. However, the growth of WBG perovskites (>1.8 eV), which is critical for advancing the performance of thin-film-based tandem solar cells, remains insufficiently controlled under hybrid deposition. In this work, we introduce n-propylamine hydrochloride (PACl), which shows enhanced face-on stacking of (100) plane, effectively regulating the oriented crystal growth of 1.84 eV WBG perovskites during the annealing process. This approach reduces defect density and, consequently, improves carrier diffusion length. As a result, the hybrid-deposited WBG perovskite (>1.8 eV) solar cells realize a maximum efficiency of 17.48% and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) exceeding 1.315 V. When integrated with organic sub-cell in a two-terminal tandem configuration, the tandem device demonstrates a record efficiency of 26.46%, with a certified efficiency of 25.82% over an active area of 0.05 cm2.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61404-x

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