Marker pen writing of perovskite solar modules

Yuhao Song, Miaosen Yao, Chen Dong (), Sergey Dayneko, Gaogeng Wang, Dongyang Zhang, Yingying Deng, Junjie Tong, Qichao Wang, Gentian Yue, Yueyue Gao, Weifeng Zhang, Makhsud I. Saidaminov () and Furui Tan ()
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Yuhao Song: Henan University
Miaosen Yao: Henan University
Chen Dong: Henan University
Sergey Dayneko: University of Victoria
Gaogeng Wang: Henan University
Dongyang Zhang: University of Victoria
Yingying Deng: Henan University
Junjie Tong: Henan University
Qichao Wang: Henan University
Gentian Yue: Henan University
Yueyue Gao: Henan University
Weifeng Zhang: Henan University
Makhsud I. Saidaminov: University of Victoria
Furui Tan: Henan University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Solution-processed perovskite photovoltaics promise low-cost, lightweight, and wearable power sources. Processing techniques play a crucial role in this field. Here, we introduce a large-area, patternable, and cyclable film writing technique that utilizes marker pen as a fabrication tool. By adjusting ink concentration, pressure, writing speed, tip width, solvent engineering, and using fiber-capillary structure of marker pens, we demonstrate control over perovskite ink colloids, film thickness (from 200 to > 1000 nm) and area (from 1 to 100+ cm2) patterning on rigid and flexible substrates, as well as ambient writing of crystalline perovskite film. Marker pen written rigid and flexible carbon-electrode perovskite solar modules in mask- and laser-free manners achieve 16.3% and 14.5% power conversion efficiencies, respectively. This method offers an opportunity for rapid on-site fabrication of lightweight and deformable power sources on various substrates, including inflated elastic balloons and folded cellophane paper, and produces customizable irregular solar modules.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61459-w

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