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Safety and efficacy of 3- and 5-day regimens of levamisole in loiasis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial

Cédric B. Chesnais (), Marlhand C. Hemilembolo, Bachiratou A. Sahm, Florentin Toutin, Ericson Djeutassong, Nadia Nga-Elomo, Benjamin Cuer, Mas A. Ntsiba-N’Goulou, Miveck Pakat, Sébastien D. S. Pion, François Missamou, Michel Boussinesq and Jérémy T. Campillo ()
Additional contact information
Cédric B. Chesnais: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Marlhand C. Hemilembolo: Ministère de la Santé et de la Population
Bachiratou A. Sahm: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Florentin Toutin: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Ericson Djeutassong: Higher Institute for Scientific and Medical Research (ISM)
Nadia Nga-Elomo: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Benjamin Cuer: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Mas A. Ntsiba-N’Goulou: Ministère de la Santé et de la Population
Miveck Pakat: Ministère de la Santé et de la Population
Sébastien D. S. Pion: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
François Missamou: Ministère de la Santé et de la Population
Michel Boussinesq: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Jérémy T. Campillo: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Individuals with high Loa loa microfilarial densities (MFD) risk serious adverse events (SAEs) following ivermectin treatment. A single dose of levamisole (LEV) induces a temporary, progressive MFD decrease. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of 3-day and 5-day LEV regimens for the treatment of loiasis in the Republic of the Congo. Participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo (PLA), LEV-3, or LEV-5. Safety was assessed by the occurrence of SAEs and the frequency and severity of AEs. Efficacy was measured by changes in Loa loa MFD. No SAEs were reported, and AE severity was comparable across treatment arms. On day 5, MFD reductions were greater in the LEV-3 and LEV-5 groups compared to PLA ( −1.6%, 29.3%, and 51.4%, respectively; P

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61479-6

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