Amphiphilic nanowire-assisted monomer shuttling enables ultra-selective reverse osmosis membranes for water purification

Huimin Zhou, Xingran Zhang, Zhouyan Li, Zhiwei Qiu, Zhe Yang, Ruobin Dai () and Zhiwei Wang ()
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Huimin Zhou: Tongji University
Xingran Zhang: Donghua University
Zhouyan Li: Tongji University
Zhiwei Qiu: Tongji University
Zhe Yang: The University of Queensland
Ruobin Dai: Tongji University
Zhiwei Wang: Tongji University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane separation is vital for the advanced removal of contaminants, playing a key role in safe water supply. However, existing RO membranes fall remarkably short in adequate removal of small neutral organic contaminants (SNOCs ≤150 Da), due to the structural heterogeneity and nanosized defects of polyamide (PA) rejection layers. To address these challenges, we propose creating a continuous solid-phase interface using amphiphilic CdII/L-cysteine nanowires that spontaneously self-assemble at the water/n-hexane interface, thereby enabling precise control of the PA structure and suppressed formation of nanosized defects. The self-assembled CdII/L-cysteine interface facilitates the shuttling of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) monomers, achieving MPD pre-enrichment in the organic phase and leading to the formation of an ultraselective PA layer for the RO membrane, with an outstanding SNOC removal rate of up to 97.9%. Furthermore, the gutter effect and enhanced surface area ratio of the PA layer, induced by the CdII/L-cysteine interface, contribute to a remarkable increase in water permeance—upgraded by a factor of 4.5, reaching 3.6 ± 0.1 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. This effectively breaks the trade-off between SNOC removal and water permeance. This work opens an appealing avenue for developing highly permeable and selective RO membranes for efficient water reuse.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61488-5

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