High-entropy RuO2 catalyst with dual-site oxide path for durable acidic oxygen evolution reaction

Fangren Qian, Dengfeng Cao, Shuangming Chen (), Yalong Yuan, Kai Chen, Peter Joseph Chimtali, Hengjie Liu, Wei Jiang, Beibei Sheng, Luocai Yi, Jiabao Huang, Chengsi Hu, Huxu Lei, Xiaojun Wu, Zhenhai Wen, Qingjun Chen () and Li Song ()
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Fangren Qian: University of Science and Technology of China
Dengfeng Cao: University of Science and Technology of China
Shuangming Chen: University of Science and Technology of China
Yalong Yuan: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kai Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peter Joseph Chimtali: University of Science and Technology of China
Hengjie Liu: University of Science and Technology of China
Wei Jiang: University of Science and Technology of China
Beibei Sheng: University of Science and Technology of China
Luocai Yi: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiabao Huang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chengsi Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Huxu Lei: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaojun Wu: University of Science and Technology of China
Zhenhai Wen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qingjun Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Li Song: University of Science and Technology of China

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Developing durable acidic oxygen evolution reaction catalysts is critical for industrial proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. We incorporate high-entropy atoms (Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Sm) into RuO2 (RuO2-HEAE) via annealing, achieving remarkably high stability (>1500 h at 100 mA cm−2). In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and operando Attenuated Total Reflection Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy reveal RuO2-HEAE follows a dual-site oxide path mechanism instead of the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism. Quantitative Fourier-transformed extended X-ray absorption fine structure fitting and density functional theory calculations show this mechanistic shift stems from an elongated Ru-M distance in second coordination shell of RuO2-HEAE, enabling direct O-O coupling. This OPM-type catalyst delivers ~1500 h of stable operation at 1 A cm−2 and 50 °C, demonstrating superior durability versus most reported RuO2-based catalysts. This work provides fundamental insights for designing highly stable proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61763-5

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