Understanding rate-dependent textured growth in zinc electrodeposition via high-throughput in situ x-ray diffraction

Yifan Ma, Jakub Pepas, Guangxing Zhang, Zhaonan Liu, Yang Su, Jianming Bai, Hui Zhong, Tianyi Li, Wenqian Xu, Minju Kang, John Carsley, Josh Kacher and Hailong Chen ()
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Yifan Ma: Georgia Institute of Technology
Jakub Pepas: Georgia Institute of Technology
Guangxing Zhang: Georgia Institute of Technology
Zhaonan Liu: Georgia Institute of Technology
Yang Su: Georgia Institute of Technology
Jianming Bai: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Hui Zhong: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Tianyi Li: Argonne National Laboratory
Wenqian Xu: Argonne National Laboratory
Minju Kang: Novelis Inc.
John Carsley: Novelis Inc.
Josh Kacher: Georgia Institute of Technology
Hailong Chen: Georgia Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Zn-ion batteries with aqueous electrolytes are promising for large-scale energy storage as they are low-cost, environment-friendly and safe. The commercialization of Zn-ion batteries is hindered by several challenges such as the formation of detrimental Zn dendrites. High current density is previously thought to stimulate the dendritic growth of metals such as Li in electrodeposition. However, our study finds that for metallic Zn negative electrode in Zn-ion batteries, high-current deposition results in a dense and flat Zn layer with a (002) texture, which extends the cycling life. Low-current deposition, on the other hand, leads to a porous and dendritic morphology and a short cycling life. Using a synchrotron-based high-throughput in situ X-ray diffraction method we recently developed, Zn deposition under different conditions is systematically investigated, and a texture formation mechanism is proposed. Based on these findings, we suggest guidelines for designing cycling protocols that enable long-lasting Zn-ion batteries.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61813-y

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