OsCDPK24 and OsCDPK28 phosphorylate heat shock factor OsHSFA4d to orchestrate abiotic and biotic stress responses in rice

Yu Fang, Haicheng Liao, Yingjie Wei, Junjie Yin, Jiankui Cha, Xiaoqian Liu, Xixi Chen, Lin Chen, Zhaotang Ma, Juan Zhang, Shuang Yong, Xiaogang Zhou, Jun Xiong, Xuejia Cui, Xianju Lyu, Wei Li, He Zhu, Yao Yang, Yanbo Guo, Chang Wang, Qing Ouyang, Long Wang, Qing Xiong, Yongyan Tang, Xiaobo Zhu, Xiang Lu, Qingqing Hou, Weitao Li, Mawsheng Chern, Min He, Jing Wang, Li Song () and Xuewei Chen ()
Additional contact information
Yu Fang: Sichuan Agricultural University
Haicheng Liao: Sichuan Agricultural University
Yingjie Wei: Sichuan Agricultural University
Junjie Yin: Sichuan Agricultural University
Jiankui Cha: Sichuan Agricultural University
Xiaoqian Liu: Sichuan Agricultural University
Xixi Chen: Sichuan Agricultural University
Lin Chen: Sichuan Agricultural University
Zhaotang Ma: Sichuan Agricultural University
Juan Zhang: Sichuan Agricultural University
Shuang Yong: Sichuan Agricultural University
Xiaogang Zhou: Sichuan Agricultural University
Jun Xiong: Sichuan Agricultural University
Xuejia Cui: Sichuan Agricultural University
Xianju Lyu: Sichuan Agricultural University
Wei Li: Sichuan Agricultural University
He Zhu: Sichuan Agricultural University
Yao Yang: Sichuan Agricultural University
Yanbo Guo: Sichuan Agricultural University
Chang Wang: Sichuan Agricultural University
Qing Ouyang: Sichuan Agricultural University
Long Wang: Sichuan Agricultural University
Qing Xiong: Sichuan Agricultural University
Yongyan Tang: Sichuan Agricultural University
Xiaobo Zhu: Sichuan Agricultural University
Xiang Lu: Sichuan Agricultural University
Qingqing Hou: Sichuan Agricultural University
Weitao Li: Sichuan Agricultural University
Mawsheng Chern: University of California
Min He: Sichuan Agricultural University
Jing Wang: Sichuan Agricultural University
Li Song: Sichuan Agricultural University
Xuewei Chen: Sichuan Agricultural University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Global warming impacts crop production and increases crop disease. It is commonly known that heat stress (HS) caused by extreme high temperature induces HS responses but suppresses disease resistance in plants. However, the molecular basis of this trade-off remains largely unknown. Here, we report that OsHsfA4d shows strongest induction upon HS and pathogen infection among Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) in rice. The transcription factor OsHSFA4d enhances thermotolerance by binding to the heat shock element (HSE) in the promoter of HSP101 to activate its expression. OsHSFA4d also binds to the HSE in the first intron of Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) to promote its expression for suppressing PAMP-triggered ROS bursts and pathogenesis-related gene expression, inhibiting disease resistance. OsCDPK24 and OsCDPK28 interact with OsHSFA4d to form a complex that phosphorylates serine 146 (S146) of OsHSFA4d, thereby enhancing its DNA binding ability. HS induces the kinase activity of OsCDPK24/28 to increase the phosphorylation level of OsHSFA4d. Importantly, residues similar to S146 are conserved in OsHSFA4d orthologues across plant species, suggesting that such phosphorylation modules are widely employed to regulate abiotic and biotic stress responses in the plant kingdom.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61827-6

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