An on-chip phased array for non-classical light

Volkan Gurses (), Samantha I. Davis, Raju Valivarthi, Neil Sinclair, Maria Spiropulu and Ali Hajimiri
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Volkan Gurses: California Institute of Technology
Samantha I. Davis: California Institute of Technology
Raju Valivarthi: California Institute of Technology
Neil Sinclair: California Institute of Technology
Maria Spiropulu: California Institute of Technology
Ali Hajimiri: California Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Quantum science and technology can offer fundamental enhancements in sensing, communications and computing. The expansion from wired to wireless links is an exciting prospect for quantum technologies. For classical technologies, the advent of phased arrays enabled directional and adaptive wireless links by manipulating electromagnetic waves over free space. Here we demonstrate a phased array system on a chip that can receive, image and manipulate non-classical light over free space. We use an integrated photonic-electronic system with more than 1000 functional components on-chip to detect squeezed light. By integrating an array of 32 sub-wavelength engineered metamaterial antennas, we demonstrate a direct free-space-to-chip interface for reconfigurable quantum links. On the same chip, we implement a large-scale array of quantum-limited coherent receivers that can resolve non-classical signals simultaneously across 32 channels. With coherent readout and manipulation of these signals, we demonstrate 32-pixel imaging and spatially configurable reception of squeezed light over free space. Our work advances wireless quantum technologies that could enable practical applications in quantum communications and sensing.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61886-9

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