Efficient GHz electro-optical modulation with a nonlocal lithium niobate metasurface in the linear and nonlinear regime

Agostino Di Francescantonio, Alessandra Sabatti, Helena Weigand, Elise Bailly-Rioufreyt, Maria Antonietta Vincenti, Luca Carletti, Jost Kellner, Attilio Zilli, Marco Finazzi, Michele Celebrano () and Rachel Grange ()
Additional contact information
Agostino Di Francescantonio: Physics Department
Alessandra Sabatti: Optical Nanomaterial Group
Helena Weigand: Optical Nanomaterial Group
Elise Bailly-Rioufreyt: Optical Nanomaterial Group
Maria Antonietta Vincenti: Department of Information Engineering
Luca Carletti: Department of Information Engineering
Jost Kellner: Optical Nanomaterial Group
Attilio Zilli: Physics Department
Marco Finazzi: Physics Department
Michele Celebrano: Physics Department
Rachel Grange: Optical Nanomaterial Group

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Electro-optical modulation is essential in optical signal processing and laser technology, yet modulators based on the Pockels effect in flat optics lag behind bulk and integrated platforms in efficiency and speed. We bridge this gap realizing a metasurface based on lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) on insulator that leverages on resonances with quality-factor as high as 8000 to achieve fast electrical modulation of both linear and nonlinear optical properties. LiNbO3, well known for its high nonlinear susceptibility and wide transparency window across the infrared and visible spectrum, is employed to realize an asymmetric, one-dimensional array of nanowires, exhibiting resonances with linewidth

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62072-7

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