KNN-based frequency-adjustable ferroelectric heterojunction and biomedical applications

Tao Zhang, Haoyuan Hu, Hong Jiang (), Zhen Wang, Jinfeng Lin, Ye Cheng, Wei Guo, Di Ke, Hai Hang, Mengshu Ta, Jun Ou-Yang, Jiwei Zhai, Xiaofei Yang, Songyun Wang () and Benpeng Zhu ()
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Tao Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Haoyuan Hu: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Hong Jiang: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Zhen Wang: National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Jinfeng Lin: Tongji University
Ye Cheng: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Wei Guo: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Di Ke: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Hai Hang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Mengshu Ta: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Jun Ou-Yang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Jiwei Zhai: Tongji University
Xiaofei Yang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Songyun Wang: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Benpeng Zhu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract High-performance lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics present a practical alternative to lead-containing counterparts by effectively reducing potential environmental hazards. This advancement is particularly relevant to the development of ferroelectric heterojunction devices for biomedical applications. Here, we design and fabricate a frequency-adjustable ferroelectric heterojunction based on the developed K0.5Na0.5NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics with a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 680 pC/N). By leveraging flexible encapsulation, the heterojunction achieves miniaturization (φ = 13.3 mm, h = 2.28 mm) and suitability for implantation. After penetrating the rat skull, the ultrasound generated by the heterojunction at a frequency of 3 MHz reaches a focal depth of about 7.9 mm, a focal width of approximately 480 μm at −6 dB, and millimeter-scale continuous focal tuning (1.5 mm) within a narrow frequency range (2.7–3.3 MHz). Additionally, the implanted heterojunction enables long-term and high-precision transcranial neuromodulation, and consequently yields therapeutic effects in a myocardial infarction animal model. Collectively, this study highlights a viable strategy for developing and applying lead-free ferroelectric heterojunctions, expanding their potential in brain modulation, and providing new insights into clinical treatments of myocardial infarction.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62079-0

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