Ocean freshening near the end of the Mesozoic

Wiesława Radmacher (), Igor Niezgodzki, Vicente Gilabert, Gregor Knorr, David M. Buchs, José A. Arz, Ignacio Arenillas, Martin A. Pearce, Jarosław Tyszka, Mateusz Mikołajczak, Osmín J. Vásquez, Sarit Ashckenazi-Polivoda, Sigal Abramovich, Mariusz Niechwedowicz and Gunn Mangerud
Additional contact information
Wiesława Radmacher: Research Center in Kraków
Igor Niezgodzki: Research Center in Kraków
Vicente Gilabert: University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
Gregor Knorr: Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
David M. Buchs: Cardiff University
José A. Arz: Universidad de Zaragoza
Ignacio Arenillas: Universidad de Zaragoza
Martin A. Pearce: Cromwell Road
Jarosław Tyszka: Research Center in Kraków
Mateusz Mikołajczak: Research Center in Kraków
Osmín J. Vásquez: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala
Sarit Ashckenazi-Polivoda: Masada National Park
Sigal Abramovich: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Mariusz Niechwedowicz: University of Warsaw
Gunn Mangerud: University of Bergen

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Paleogeographic changes have significantly shaped ocean circulation and climate dynamics throughout Earth’s history. This study integrates geological proxies with climate simulations to assess how ocean gateway evolution influenced ocean salinity near the end of the Mesozoic (~66 Ma). Our modeling results demonstrate that 1) Central American Seaway shoaling reorganizes ocean currents, and 2) Arctic marine gateway restrictions, confining Arctic–Global Ocean exchange exclusively to the Greenland–Norwegian Seaway, drive Arctic Ocean surface freshening and southward outflow of buoyant, low-salinity waters. However, only the combined effect of these two factors leads to both Arctic freshening and increased water mass stratification in the Greenland–Norwegian Seaway, proto-North Atlantic, and the Western Tethys. This scenario aligns with Maastrichtian palynological, micropaleontological, and geochemical records from high- and low-latitude sites. Our findings highlight the profound impact of these latest Cretaceous paleogeographic reconfigurations in altering global salinity patterns, underscoring their role as key drivers of global climate dynamics.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62189-9

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