Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes

Yajing Li, Na Meng, Yutian Xu, Bufan Yu, Junhao Liu, Yuanhao Cui, Ziqiang Wang, Xinwu Ke, Tengfei Pan, Xue Min, Jiangshan Chen, Dongge Ma, Lingfeng Chao, Zhelu Hu, Yingdong Xia (), Qingxun Guo (), Yonghua Chen () and Wei Huang ()
Additional contact information
Yajing Li: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Na Meng: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Yutian Xu: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Bufan Yu: South China University of Technology
Junhao Liu: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Yuanhao Cui: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Ziqiang Wang: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Xinwu Ke: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Tengfei Pan: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Xue Min: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Jiangshan Chen: South China University of Technology
Dongge Ma: South China University of Technology
Lingfeng Chao: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Zhelu Hu: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Yingdong Xia: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Qingxun Guo: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Yonghua Chen: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
Wei Huang: Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Thermal-evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes are highly promising for future display and lighting. However, multi-source co-evaporation faces challenges such as difficulty in regulating crystallinity, especially for red perovskite light-emitting diodes, whose external quantum efficiencies are still less than 2%. Here, we demonstrate a facile layer-by-layer thermal-evaporation strategy to fabricate high-quality perovskite-emitting films with tunable emission wavelengths. 5-Aminovaleric acid is introduced to regulate interfacial reactions during deposition, slow down crystallization during post-annealing, and passivate defects through coordination interactions. This approach yields perovskite emitting layers with high uniformity and luminance efficiency. As a result, red (670 nm) and deep-red (730 nm) perovskite light-emitting diodes achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 9% and 7.27%, and luminance of over 1500 cd m-2 and 200 W s-1 m-2, respectively. Furthermore, large-area (2500 mm²) and patterned perovskite thin films and light-emitting diodes with outstanding uniformity are successfully demonstrated.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62282-z

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