Dominant end-tunneling effect in two distinct Luttinger liquids coexisting in one quantum wire

Henok Weldeyesus, Pedro M. T. Vianez, Omid Sharifi Sedeh, Wooi Kiat Tan, Yiqing Jin, María Moreno, Christian P. Scheller, Jonathan P. Griffiths, Ian Farrer, David A. Ritchie, Dominik M. Zumbühl (), Christopher J. B. Ford () and Oleksandr Tsyplyatyev ()
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Henok Weldeyesus: University of Basel
Pedro M. T. Vianez: University of Cambridge
Omid Sharifi Sedeh: University of Basel
Wooi Kiat Tan: University of Cambridge
Yiqing Jin: University of Cambridge
María Moreno: University of Cambridge
Christian P. Scheller: University of Basel
Jonathan P. Griffiths: University of Cambridge
Ian Farrer: University of Sheffield
David A. Ritchie: University of Cambridge
Dominik M. Zumbühl: University of Basel
Christopher J. B. Ford: University of Cambridge
Oleksandr Tsyplyatyev: Universität Frankfurt

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Luttinger liquids occupy a notable place in physics as one of the most understood classes of quantum many-body systems. The experimental mission of measuring its main prediction, power laws in observable quantities, has already produced a body of exponents in different semiconductor and metallic structures. Here, we combine tunneling spectroscopy with density-dependent transport measurements in the same quantum wires over more than two orders of magnitude in temperature to very low electron temperatures down to ∼40 mK. This reveals that, when the second 1D subband becomes populated, the temperature dependence splits into two ranges with different exponents in the power-law dependence of the conductance, both dominated by the finite-size effect of the end-tunneling process. This result demonstrates the importance of measuring the Luttinger parameters as well as the number of modes independently through spectroscopy in addition to the transport exponent in the characterization of Luttinger liquids. This opens a pathway to unambiguous interpretation of the exponents observed in quantum wires.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62325-5

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