Large-scale experimental evidence of carbon-mediated N and P co-amplification in proglacial soils

Hongyang Sun (), Dong Yu (), Jun Zhou and Yang Chen
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Hongyang Sun: Southwest Minzu University
Dong Yu: Sichuan Provincial Grassland Technology Research and Extension Center
Jun Zhou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yang Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Understanding N-P interactions is crucial for co-limitation in ecosystems but remains unclear due to oversimplified frameworks. Here, a large-scale N and P addition experiment in early soils revealed four key processes driving nutrient coupling, emphasizing carbon’s central role. N addition significantly increases P availability. P availability drives biological N fixation. Both nutrients stimulate carbon fixation, with N having a stronger effect. N addition also intensifies ammonia nitrification, further reducing pH; P has no significant effect on nitrification. Based on these findings and prior research, we establish two models: one depicting P-driven N availability, the other N-driven P availability. These models highlight carbon-related processes as central to N-P coupling, enhancing nutrient availability in early soils. The results reveal a synergistic pathway where nutrient enrichment boosts co-availability rather than intensifying limitation. This framework clarifies the driving mechanisms of N-P bioavailability interactions that support positive ecosystem succession during soil development.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62425-2

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