3D quantification of nanolites using X-ray ptychography reveals syn-eruptive nanocrystallisation impacts magma rheology

Emily C. Bamber (), Fabio Arzilli, Silvia Cipiccia, Darren J. Batey, Giuseppe Spina, Margherita Polacci, Ali Gholinia, Heath Bagshaw, Danilo Genova, Richard Brooker, Daniele Giordano, Pedro Valdivia and Mike R. Burton
Additional contact information
Emily C. Bamber: Via Granarolo 64
Fabio Arzilli: University of Camerino
Silvia Cipiccia: University College London
Darren J. Batey: Fermi Avenue
Giuseppe Spina: 2
Margherita Polacci: Oxford Road
Ali Gholinia: Oxford Road
Heath Bagshaw: The University of Liverpool
Danilo Genova: Via Granarolo 64
Richard Brooker: University of Bristol
Daniele Giordano: 35
Pedro Valdivia: Via Granarolo 64
Mike R. Burton: Oxford Road

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Nanoscale crystals are becoming increasingly recognised in the products of volcanic eruptions, spanning a range of magma compositions. The crystallisation of nanolites impacts magma rheology, ascent dynamics, and eruptive style. Their impact can be enhanced due to their capacity to aggregate and develop neighbouring chemically differentiated boundary layers. However, their 3D interaction, spatial distribution, and morphology is not currently understood. Here we present a cutting-edge, 3D nanometre-scale visualisation and quantification of nanolites in scoriae of the Las Sierras-Masaya basaltic Plinian eruptions, acquired using X-ray ptychography. We find that Ti-magnetite nanolites aggregate, forming elongate, irregular structures in 3D. Their crystallisation extracts Fe and Ti from the melt, resulting in differentiated boundary layers with higher viscosity. Syn-eruptive crystallisation of nanolites and their interaction is estimated to have increased magma viscosity by 2–3 orders of magnitude, therefore, they likely had a strong control on magma rheology, increasing the potential of magma fragmentation.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62444-z

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