Tailoring the energy landscape of a bloch point domain wall with curvature

Sandra Ruiz-Gómez (), Claas Abert, Pamela Morales-Fernández, Claudia Fernández-González, Sabri Koraltan, Lukas Danesi, Dieter Suess, María Varela, Gabriel Sánchez-Santolino, Núria Bagués, Michael Foerster, Miguel Ángel Niño, Anna Mandziak, Dorota Wilgocka-Ślęzak, Pawel Nita, Markus Koenig, Sebastian Seifert, Aurelio Hierro-Rodriguez, Amalio Fernández-Pacheco and Claire Donnelly ()
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Sandra Ruiz-Gómez: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
Claas Abert: University of Vienna
Pamela Morales-Fernández: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
Claudia Fernández-González: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
Sabri Koraltan: Cerdanyola del Valles
Lukas Danesi: University of Vienna
Dieter Suess: University of Vienna
María Varela: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Gabriel Sánchez-Santolino: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Núria Bagués: Cerdanyola del Valles
Michael Foerster: Cerdanyola del Valles
Miguel Ángel Niño: Cerdanyola del Valles
Anna Mandziak: SOLARIS Synchrotron light Sources
Dorota Wilgocka-Ślęzak: PAC
Pawel Nita: SOLARIS Synchrotron light Sources
Markus Koenig: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
Sebastian Seifert: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids
Aurelio Hierro-Rodriguez: Universidad de Oviedo
Amalio Fernández-Pacheco: TU Wien
Claire Donnelly: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Topological defects, or singularities, play a key role in the statics and dynamics of complex systems. In magnetism, Bloch point singularities represent point defects that mediate the nucleation of textures such as skyrmions and hopfions. While these textures are typically stabilised in chiral magnets, the influence of chirality and symmetry breaking on Bloch point singularities remains relatively unexplored. Here, we harness advanced three-dimensional nanofabrication to explore the influence of symmetry breaking on Bloch point textures by introducing controlled nano-curvature in a ferromagnetic nanowire. Combining X-ray magnetic microscopy with the application of in situ magnetic fields, we demonstrate that Bloch point singularity-containing domain walls are stabilised in straight regions of the sample, and determine that curvature can be used to tune the energy landscape of the Bloch points. Not only are we able to pattern pinning points but, by controlling the gradient of curvature, we define asymmetric potential wells to realise a robust Bloch point texture shift-register with non-reciprocal behaviour. These insights into the influence of symmetry on singularities offer a route to the controlled nucleation and propagation of topological textures, providing opportunities for logic and computing devices.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62705-x

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