Hierarchically ordered porous transition metal compounds from one-pot type 3D printing approaches

Fei Yu, R. Paxton Thedford, Thomas A. Tartaglia, Sejal S. Sheth, Guillaume Freychet, William R. T. Tait, Peter A. Beaucage, William L. Moore, Yuanzhi Li, Jörg G. Werner, Julia Thom-Levy, Sol M. Gruner, R. Bruce Dover and Ulrich B. Wiesner ()
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Fei Yu: Cornell University
R. Paxton Thedford: Cornell University
Thomas A. Tartaglia: Cornell University
Sejal S. Sheth: Cornell University
Guillaume Freychet: Brookhaven National Laboratory
William R. T. Tait: Cornell University
Peter A. Beaucage: National Institute of Standards and Technology
William L. Moore: Cornell University
Yuanzhi Li: Boston University
Jörg G. Werner: Boston University
Julia Thom-Levy: Cornell University
Sol M. Gruner: Cornell University
R. Bruce Dover: Cornell University
Ulrich B. Wiesner: Cornell University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Solution-based soft matter self-assembly (SA) promises unique material structures and properties from approaches including additive manufacturing/three-dimensional (3D) printing. The 3D printing of periodically ordered porous functional inorganic materials through SA unfolding during printing remains a major challenge, however, due to the often vastly different ordering kinetics of separate processes at different length scales. Here, we report a “one-pot” direct ink writing process to produce hierarchically porous transition metal nitrides and precursor oxides from block copolymer (BCP) SA. Heat treatment protocols identified in various environments enable mesostructure retention in the final crystalline materials with periodic lattices on three distinct length scales. Moreover, embedded printing enables the first BCP directed mesoporous non-self-supporting helical oxides and nitrides. Resulting nitrides are superconducting, with record nanoconfinement-induced upper critical fields correlated with BCP molar mass and record surface areas for compound superconductors. Results suggest scalable porous functional inorganic material formation approaches for applications including catalysis, sensing, and microelectronics.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62794-8

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