Supercurrent time division multiplexing with solid-state integrated hybrid superconducting electronics

Alessandro Paghi (), Laura Borgongino, Simone Tortorella, Giorgio De Simoni, Elia Strambini, Lucia Sorba and Francesco Giazotto ()
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Alessandro Paghi: Piazza San Silvestro 12
Laura Borgongino: Piazza San Silvestro 12
Simone Tortorella: Piazza San Silvestro 12
Giorgio De Simoni: Piazza San Silvestro 12
Elia Strambini: Piazza San Silvestro 12
Lucia Sorba: Piazza San Silvestro 12
Francesco Giazotto: Piazza San Silvestro 12

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Time-division multiplexing of cryogenic signals is a promising approach to reduce space requirements, shorten cooldown times, and increase the number of quantum devices measured per cooldown. We demonstrate time-division multiplexing of non-dissipative supercurrents using voltage-controlled hybrid superconducting demultiplexers. These chips integrate superconducting Josephson Field Effect Transistors including Al superconducting electrodes, proximitized semiconducting InAs channels, and hafnium oxide gate insulators. Each transistor fully suppresses the switching current and increases the resistance 20 times under a gate voltage of −4.5 V. A demultiplexer with one input and eight outputs showed a non-dissipative input range of ±2 μA, operating up to 100 MHz in signal frequency, and 100 kHz in switching frequency at 50 mK. It achieved near-zero insertion loss in the superconducting state and an $$\frac{{ON}}{{OFF}}$$ O N O F F ratio of 17.5 dB. By optimizing the signal layout, the operation was extended up to 4 GHz using a demultiplexer with two outputs.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62931-3

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