Aqueous asymmetric pseudocapacitor featuring high areal energy and power using conjugated polyelectrolytes and Ti3C2Tx MXene

Benjamin Rui Peng Yip, Chaofan Chen, Yan Jiang, David Ohayon, Guillermo C. Bazan () and Xuehang Wang ()
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Benjamin Rui Peng Yip: National University of Singapore
Chaofan Chen: Delft University of Technology
Yan Jiang: National University of Singapore
David Ohayon: National University of Singapore
Guillermo C. Bazan: National University of Singapore
Xuehang Wang: Delft University of Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Despite the development of various pseudocapacitive materials, full-cell pseudocapacitors have yet to surpass the power density of conventional electric double layer capacitors, primarily due to the lack of high-rate positive pseudocapacitive materials. This work reports a solid-state conjugated polyelectrolyte that achieves high-rate charge storage as a positive electrode, facilitated by a co-ion desorption mechanism. The conjugated polyelectrolyte retains 70% of its capacitance at 100 A g−1 with a mass loading of 2.8 mg cm−2 and exhibits a long cycling life of 100,000 cycles in a Swagelok cell configuration. Increasing the electrode thickness fourfold has minimal impact on ion diffusivity and accessibility, yielding a high areal capacitance of 915 mF cm−2. When paired with a high-rate negative pseudocapacitive electrode Ti3C2Tx, the device leverages the redox-active potentials of both materials, achieving a device voltage of 1.5 V and supports operation rates up to 10 V s−1 or 50 A g−1. This configuration enables the pseudocapacitor to deliver an areal power of 160 mW cm−2, while significantly increasing the areal energy (up to 71 μWh cm−2). The high areal performance, combined with the additive-free and water-based fabrication process, makes pseudocapacitors promising for on-chip and wearable energy storage applications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63034-9

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