Redox-innocent scandium(III) as the sole catalyst in visible light photooxidations

Amal Hassan Tolba (), Ahmed M. El-Zohry (), Jafar Iqbal Khan, Eva Svobodová, Josef Chudoba, Jiří Klíma, Karol Lušpai, Martin Pižl, Jiří Šturala and Radek Cibulka ()
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Amal Hassan Tolba: Prague
Ahmed M. El-Zohry: KFUPM
Jafar Iqbal Khan: University of Hull
Eva Svobodová: Prague
Josef Chudoba: Prague
Jiří Klíma: v.v.i.
Karol Lušpai: v.v.i.
Martin Pižl: Prague
Jiří Šturala: Prague
Radek Cibulka: Prague

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract In recent years, the catalytic activity of scandium triflate Sc(OTf)3 has attracted significant attention due to its robust Lewis acidity and the oxophilicity of Sc3+. These features have led to impressive progress in developing diverse organic reactions, including C-C bond formation. The Sc3+ also facilitates single electron transfer in photoinduced reactions either by coordination to an organophotoredox catalyst, which modifies its redox reactivity, or by the formation of a scandium–superoxide anion complex after electron transfer from a light-absorbing redox-active compound. The prior consideration of Sc3+ as a redox-inactive/innocent metal ion initially hampered the investigation of the possibility of using Sc(OTf)3 as a sole visible light photoredox catalyst. This work demonstrates the use of Sc(OTf)3 as a visible light photocatalyst capable of direct and mild aerobic oxidative C-H functionalisation of aromatic substrates by oxidation of the benzylic position and direct cyanation of the aromatic ring.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63233-4

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