Multiscale interface engineering enables strong and water resistant wood bonding

Shiying Zhang, Salla Koskela, Halvar Meinhard, Paavo Penttilä, Muhammad Awais, Markus B. Linder, Shennan Wang () and Lauri Rautkari ()
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Shiying Zhang: Aalto University
Salla Koskela: Aalto University
Halvar Meinhard: Aalto University
Paavo Penttilä: Aalto University
Muhammad Awais: Aalto University
Markus B. Linder: Aalto University
Shennan Wang: Aalto University
Lauri Rautkari: Aalto University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The growing use of timber in construction has created an urgent need for high-performing engineered wood. Laminating timber facilitates production of structural components, but strong interfacial bonding is essential for engineered wood to outperform solid wood. Here we introduce a method for achieving strong wood bonding using an ionic liquid-dissolved cellulose solution. At the bonding interface, the dissolved cellulose fills the lumina and entangles with the wood cell wall, forming a dense cellulose network interconnecting with wood upon regeneration in water. Concurrent hot-pressing forms a permanently interlocked structure of wood cells. The multiscale bonded interface is water resistant with a shear strength over 20 MPa, nearly twice that of solid wood. This work presents an eco-friendly, high-performing wood bonding mechanism with promising applications in engineered wood products.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63239-y

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