High-fidelity geometric quantum gates exceeding 99.9% in germanium quantum dots

Yu-Chen Zhou, Rong-Long Ma, Zhenzhen Kong, Ao-Ran Li, Chengxian Zhang, Xin Zhang, Yang Liu, Hao-Tian Jiang, Zhi-Tao Wu, Gui-Lei Wang (), Gang Cao, Guang-Can Guo, Hai-Ou Li () and Guo-Ping Guo ()
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Yu-Chen Zhou: University of Science and Technology of China
Rong-Long Ma: University of Science and Technology of China
Zhenzhen Kong: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ao-Ran Li: University of Science and Technology of China
Chengxian Zhang: Guangxi University
Xin Zhang: Delft University of Technology
Yang Liu: University of Science and Technology of China
Hao-Tian Jiang: University of Science and Technology of China
Zhi-Tao Wu: University of Science and Technology of China
Gui-Lei Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Gang Cao: University of Science and Technology of China
Guang-Can Guo: University of Science and Technology of China
Hai-Ou Li: University of Science and Technology of China
Guo-Ping Guo: University of Science and Technology of China

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Achieving high-fidelity and robust qubit manipulations is a crucial requirement for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate a single-hole spin qubit in a germanium quantum dot and characterize its control fidelity using gate set tomography. The maximum control fidelities reach 97.48%, 99.81%, 99.88% for the I, X/2 and Y/2 gate, respectively. These results reveal that off-resonance noise during consecutive I gates in gate set tomography sequences severely limits qubit performance. Therefore, we introduce geometric quantum computation to realize noise-resilient qubit manipulation. The geometric gate control fidelities remain above 99% across a wide range of Rabi frequencies. The maximum fidelity surpasses 99.9%. Furthermore, the fidelities of geometric X/2 and Y/2 (I) gates exceed 99% even when detuning the microwave frequency by ± 2.5 MHz (± 1.2 MHz), highlighting the noise-resilient feature. These results demonstrate that geometric quantum computation is a potential method for achieving high-fidelity qubit manipulation reproducibly in semiconductor quantum computation.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63241-4

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