On-chip Cherenkov radiation tuning in 3.2-14 THz

Tianchang Li, Fang Liu (), Yudi Chen, Xiaotong Xiong, Kaiyu Cui, Xue Feng, Wei Zhang and Yidong Huang ()
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Tianchang Li: Tsinghua University
Fang Liu: Tsinghua University
Yudi Chen: Tsinghua University
Xiaotong Xiong: Tsinghua University
Kaiyu Cui: Tsinghua University
Xue Feng: Tsinghua University
Wei Zhang: Tsinghua University
Yidong Huang: Tsinghua University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Cherenkov radiation has attracted much attention for promoting the free electron radiation sources. Using hyperbolic metamaterial, Cherenkov radiation can be excited using low-energy electrons and thus on-chip free electron radiation source has been realized. However, direct experimental observations of on-chip free-electron-based Cherenkov radiation have been limited to the visible region, and the tunability has not been thoroughly explored. In this work, by constructing a hyperbolic metamaterial with graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, on-chip, free-electron-based terahertz Cherenkov radiation is observed and the frequency tunable range spans 3.2 to 14 THz in a hundred-micron-scale dimension. Compared with other free-electron terahertz sources, the chip size is over three orders of magnitude smaller, and the tunable range is one of the widest. This work extends the on-chip free-electron-based Cherenkov radiation into terahertz domain, highlighting its tunability and paves the way for further advancements in free electron radiation source.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63368-4

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