Terahertz asynchronous twin-comb for prefiguring hypersensitivity beyond spectrum domain

Liang Ma, Fei Fan (), Jixin Feng, Peng Shen, Chengwei Song, Yunyun Ji, Xianghui Wang and Shengjiang Chang ()
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Liang Ma: Nankai University
Fei Fan: Nankai University
Jixin Feng: Nankai University
Peng Shen: Nankai University
Chengwei Song: Nankai University
Yunyun Ji: Nankai University
Xianghui Wang: Nankai University
Shengjiang Chang: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Lower-frequency characteristics of the terahertz regime confer advantageous low photon energy for biochemical sensing while imposing inherent sensitivity constraints. Here, we demonstrate a terahertz asynchronous twin-comb sensor and an extra-spectrum sensing mechanism through cascading microchannel architecture within a metallic waveguide. The extra-spectrum sensing prefigures an enhanced sensitivity of 4 orders of magnitude compared to existing terahertz biosensing and surpasses its counterpart in the optical band. Hypersensitivities of 0.398 GHz mm2 pg−1 in trace detection manifest through the located characteristic resonance frequency beyond the spectrum domain. Additionally, we observed the photoisomerization of azo dye in the terahertz band with a photoresponse sensitivity of 0.91 GHz cm2 mW−1, opening possibilities for photoactive material-assisted terahertz sensors. In summary, we instantiate an asynchronous twin-comb sensing beyond the spectrum domain, offering a perspective for ultrasensitive sensing, and promising applications in optical frequency comb precision metrology, artificial intelligence photonics, and integrated sensing and communications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63513-z

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