Single-photon dual-comb ghost imaging spectroscopy

Daowang Peng, Liang Mei (), Zhenfeng Gong, Zhong Zuo, Zhiwei Liu, Yuanfeng Di, Xu Liu, Chenglin Gu, Wenxue Li and Guofeng Yan ()
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Daowang Peng: Dalian University of Technology
Liang Mei: Dalian University of Technology
Zhenfeng Gong: Dalian University of Technology
Zhong Zuo: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhiwei Liu: Zhejiang Laboratory
Yuanfeng Di: Shanghai Nanyang Model High School
Xu Liu: Zhejiang Laboratory
Chenglin Gu: East China Normal University
Wenxue Li: East China Normal University
Guofeng Yan: Zhejiang Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Single-photon spectroscopy utilizing single-pixel binary detectors, often statistically recovers “high-dimension” spectral information from “low-dimension” photon-counting signals with ultra-high sensitivity. Nevertheless, it has been a significantly long-standing challenge to achieve either high-speed or high-resolution spectral measurements under photon-deficient scenarios. This study proposes single-photon dual-comb ghost imaging spectroscopy (DC-GIS), which utilizes a mode-resolved dual-comb matrix to interrogate the sample and directly calculates the high-resolution spectrum from photon-counting signals in milliseconds through ghost-imaging method. The concept of single-photon DC-GIS has been examined by measuring the vib-rotational transitions of acetylene with a resolution of 125 MHz and a measurement time of 6.4 ms, and ultra-long distance (125 km) fiber sensing based on phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating with an ultra-high sensitivity of 0.5 με with femtowatt-level power per comb line. This approach brings the high-speed and high-resolution spectroscopy to the cutting-edge research of photon-scarce scenarios.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63516-w

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