Ultrafast dynamics of ferroelectric polarization of NbOI2 captured with femtosecond electron diffraction

Yibo Wang (), Md Sazzad Hossain, Tianlin Li, Yanwei Xiong, Cuong Le, Jesse Kuebler, Nina Raghavan, Lucia Fernandez-Ballester, Xia Hong, Alexander Sinitskii and Martin Centurion ()
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Yibo Wang: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Md Sazzad Hossain: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Tianlin Li: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Yanwei Xiong: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Cuong Le: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Jesse Kuebler: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Nina Raghavan: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Lucia Fernandez-Ballester: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Xia Hong: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Alexander Sinitskii: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Martin Centurion: University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional ferroelectric materials like NbOI2 have garnered significant interest, yet their temporal response and synergetic interaction with light remain underexplored. Previous studies on the polarization of oxide ferroelectrics have relied on time-resolved optical second harmonic generation or ultrafast X-ray scattering. Here, we probe the laser-induced polarization dynamics of NbOI2 nanocrystals using ultrafast transmission electron diffraction and deflectometry. The deflection of the electron pulses is directly sensitive to the changes in the polarization, while the diffraction signal captures the structural evolution. Excited with a UV laser pulse, the polarization of NbOI2 is initially suppressed for two picoseconds, then it recovers and overshoots, leading to a transiently enhanced polarization persisting for over 200 ps. This recovery coincides with coherent acoustic phonon generation, triggering a piezoresponse in the NbOI2 nanocrystals. Our results offer a new method for sensing the ferroelectric order parameter on femtosecond time scales.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63533-9

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