Schottky engineering of GDYO@Pt to boost piezoelectric and oxidative stress modulation for accelerated cranial regeneration

Kang Song, Xuezheng Geng, Huan Yin, Yanzhu Shi, Jiawei Wang, Jiayu Yu, Mateng Bai, Lizhen Wang (), Yurui Xue (), Chunli Song () and Yubo Fan ()
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Kang Song: Beihang University
Xuezheng Geng: Beihang University
Huan Yin: Beihang University
Yanzhu Shi: Beihang University
Jiawei Wang: Beihang University
Jiayu Yu: Beihang University
Mateng Bai: Beihang University
Lizhen Wang: Beihang University
Yurui Xue: Jilin University
Chunli Song: Peking University Third Hospital
Yubo Fan: Beihang University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Piezoelectric stimulation regulates cellular metabolism and enhances bone repair. However, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia-induced oxidative stress reduce the efficacy of electrical stimulation and hinder regeneration. Here, a platinum-decorated graphdiyne oxide (GDYO@Pt) multifunctional piezoelectric semiconductor was engineered to eliminate ROS and oxygen self-supply while enabling electrical stimulation. In this system, the interface dipole drives a built-in electric field, triggering charge redistribution in GDYO and breaking symmetry to amplify piezoelectricity. Ultrasound-triggered polarized charges at the Schottky junction lower the barrier and promote GDYO→Pt electron transfer for hydrogen production, where the generated H2 neutralizes cytotoxic •OH radicals, while the holes/nanozyme drive H2O2 → O2 conversion, synergistically alleviating oxidative stress. In vitro and vivo studies demonstrate that ultrasound-activated GDYO@Pt accelerates cranial defect repair via osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. This work shows piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic bone regeneration, where the GDYO@Pt heterointerface integrates energy conversion with biological regulation through an engineered asymmetric structure.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63550-8

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