Multiscale-engineered ferroelectric ceramics exhibiting superior electrocaloric performance

Xiaowei Wei, Kun Zeng, Xiaoming Shi, Gengguang Luo, Zhengqian Fu, Houbing Huang (), Guangzu Zhang, Bing Li, Xiang Lv () and Jiagang Wu ()
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Xiaowei Wei: Sichuan University
Kun Zeng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaoming Shi: Beijing Institute of Technology
Gengguang Luo: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Zhengqian Fu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Houbing Huang: Beijing Institute of Technology
Guangzu Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Bing Li: Sichuan University
Xiang Lv: Sichuan University
Jiagang Wu: Sichuan University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Electrocaloric effect referring to reversible temperature change (ΔT) under electrical excitation provides a promising alternative for next-generation thermal management. The ΔT essentially derives from the polarization change of polar system. However, conventional engineering hardly synchronizes large and flexible polarization change, so that large ΔT and high electrocaloric strength cannot realize concurrently. Herein, we propose a novel design strategy of multiscale engineering to boost the polar entropy of system, by which the large and flexible polarization change can be offered synchronously, availing large ΔT under a low driving field. The envision is validated in a heterogeneous Ba(Ti1-xSnx)O3 system, where the different Ba(Ti1-xSnx)O3 granules are mixed to enhance polarization heterogeneity of system. A large ΔT of 1.5 K and a high electrocaloric strength of 0.375 K mm kV−1 are achieved under a low driving field of 40 kV cm−1. Meanwhile, the substantial ΔT of more than 1.2 K is maintained within 30–50 °C. Our strategy provides a new paradigm for engineering electrocaloric material properties and can be expected for the design of other high-performance ferroelectrics.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63909-x

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