Multilayered gradient Ti2AlC0.5N0.5 prepared by crystal/amorphous C diffusion for efficient electromagnetic absorption and thermal shielding

Cheng Xie, Lei Xu (), Zhigang Shen, Junyu Lu, Yongfen Sun, Zhaohui Han, Yuchen Feng and Yanzhi Liu
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Cheng Xie: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Lei Xu: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Zhigang Shen: SINOPEC Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology CO. LTD
Junyu Lu: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Yongfen Sun: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Zhaohui Han: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Yuchen Feng: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Yanzhi Liu: Kunming University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The unique advantages of surface/interface engineering are pivotal in advancing the design and development of high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. We present a universal microwave molten salt carbon (C) diffusion control strategy based on surface/interface engineering. This method leverages microwaves to promote the amorphous transformation and rapid diffusion of C on the carbon fiber surface, allowing for the rapid and controlled formation of three-dimensional multilayered gradient core-shell structures, primarily consisting of Ti2AlC0.5N0.5 MAX. This unique structure with cavities contributes to the incident and multiple EMW losses. TACN-1 exhibited an efficient reflection loss of −83.4 dB at a thickness of just 1.9 mm and effectively isolates internal radiant heat, making it a promising material for stealth applications. This study not only advances the application of diffusion-controlled surface/interface engineering but also introduces a universal approach for modulating multilayered gradient structures in MAX phase ceramics.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63975-1

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