Green encapsulants boost stability and sustainability in inverted perovskite solar cells

Yan Yang, Jianming Zhao, Hanjun Yang, Xia Yang (), Ying Lu, Zengqi Huang, Shuwang Duo (), Zhihua Xiong () and Xiaotian Hu ()
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Yan Yang: Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
Jianming Zhao: University of Science and Technology Beijing
Hanjun Yang: Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
Xia Yang: Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
Ying Lu: Xijing University
Zengqi Huang: Jiangxi Normal University
Shuwang Duo: Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
Zhihua Xiong: Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
Xiaotian Hu: Nanchang University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demonstrate potential for sustainable energy transitions, however their commercialization is impeded by lead toxicity and environmental leakage risks. Herein, it is an effective way to implant a cellulose material with multiple adsorption modes and sites, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), which plays a covering role in perovskite crystal and achieves environmental friendliness through effectually suppressing lead leakage. Meanwhile, we have devised a series of multidimensional experimental scheme to assess the impact of lead leakage on the ecosystem from the perspective of cell survival rates and plant growth. HPMCP-modified PSC has a relatively low impact on plant growth and germination, exhibiting a germination rate of 92.3% compared to the blank group (without lead contamination). Moreover, the HPMCP-modified PSCs acquire optimal power conversion efficiency of 26.27% and manifest remarkable environmental stability. This work establishes an environmental and health risk assessment benchmark for PSCs, enabling sustainable deployment.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64031-8

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