Week-long-lifetime microwave spectral holes in an erbium-doped scheelite crystal at millikelvin temperature

Zhiren Wang, Sen Lin, Marianne Dantec, Miloš Rančić, Philippe Goldner, Sylvain Bertaina, Thierry Chaneliere, Renbao Liu, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Emmanuel Flurin and Patrice Bertet ()
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Zhiren Wang: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC
Sen Lin: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Marianne Dantec: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC
Miloš Rančić: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC
Philippe Goldner: PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
Sylvain Bertaina: Institut Matériaux Microélectronique et Nanosciences de Provence
Thierry Chaneliere: Institut Néel
Renbao Liu: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Daniel Esteve: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC
Denis Vion: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC
Emmanuel Flurin: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC
Patrice Bertet: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Rare-earth-ions (REI) doped crystals have remarkable optical and spin properties characterized by narrow homogeneous linewidths, which can be studied despite the large inhomogeneous broadening of the ensemble line through spectral hole burning (SHB). Here, we report SHB spectroscopic measurements in a scheelite crystal of CaWO4 by pumping the spin transition of a paramagnetic REI (Er3+) at microwave frequency and millikelvin temperatures, with nuclear spin states of neighboring 183W atoms serving as the auxiliary levels. The repeated application of pairs of microwave pulses generates a periodic modulation of the Er3+ density profile, which we observe spectrally and in the time-domain as an accumulated echo. The lifetime of the holes and accumulated echoes rises steeply as the sample temperature is decreased, exceeding a week at 10mK. Our results demonstrate that millikelvin temperatures can be beneficial for signal processing applications requiring long spectral hole lifetimes.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64087-6

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