Ultra-high energy storage in relaxor ferroelectric MLCCs at elevated temperatures via entropy modulated strain heterogeneity

Ruirui Kang, Yang Li, Tengfei Hu, Zepeng Wang, Yangfei Gao, Junbo Xu, Mei Bai, Zhengqian Fu, Lixue Zhang, Jiantuo Zhao, Danyang Wang, Jinyou Shao, Fei Li (), Shujun Zhang () and Xiaojie Lou ()
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Ruirui Kang: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Yang Li: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Tengfei Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zepeng Wang: LONGi Green Energy Technology Co. Ltd
Yangfei Gao: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Junbo Xu: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Mei Bai: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Zhengqian Fu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lixue Zhang: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Jiantuo Zhao: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Danyang Wang: UNSW
Jinyou Shao: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Fei Li: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Shujun Zhang: University of Wollongong
Xiaojie Lou: Xi’an Jiaotong University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Multilayer ceramic capacitors are pivotal components in pulse power systems due to their ultra-high power density. However, given the demanding service conditions in aerospace and oil drilling applications, the need to enhance high-temperature energy storage remains particularly urgent. In this work, we employ a strain modulation strategy by enhancing configuration entropy within bismuth sodium titanate-based ceramics. This approach enhances relaxor behavior, suppresses electron migration, and improves structural stability and breakdown strength at elevated temperatures. Notably, the resulting multilayer ceramic capacitors exhibit a substantial recoverable energy density of 19.0 J cm−3 and an impressive efficiency of 90% under an electric field of 1320 kV cm−1. Furthermore, these capacitors sustain a high energy density above 11.0 J cm−3 even at 200 °C. This extraordinary high-temperature energy storage performance surpasses those of recently reported multilayer ceramic capacitors. Our findings underscore the significant potential of strain modulation as a strategy for designing high-temperature energy storage materials.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64113-7

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