Isoprene chemistry under upper-tropospheric conditions

Douglas M. Russell (), Felix Kunkler, Jiali Shen, Matthias Kohl, Jenna DeVivo, Nirvan Bhattacharyya, Christos Xenofontos, Hannah Klebach, Lucía Caudillo-Plath, Mario Simon, Emelda Ahongshangbam, João Almeida, Antonio Amorim, Hannah Beckmann, Mattia Busato, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Anouck Chassaing, Romulo Cruz-Simbron, Lubna Dada, Philip Holzbeck, Bernhard Judmaier, Milin Kaniyodical Sebastian, Paap Koemets, Timm Krüger, Lu Liu, Monica Martinez, Bernhard Mentler, Aleksandra Morawiec, Antti Onnela, Tuukka Petäjä, Pedro Rato, Mago Reza, Samuel Ruhl, Wiebke Scholz, Eva Sommer, António Tomé, Yandong Tong, Jens Top, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Gabriela R. Unfer, Ryan X. Ward, Jakob Weissbacher, Boxing Yang, Wenjuan Yu, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Imad Zgheib, Jiangyi Zhang, Zhensen Zheng, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Heikki Junninen, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Jos Lelieveld, Ottmar Möhler, Siegfried Schobesberger, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Douglas R. Worsnop, Theodoros Christoudias, Andrea Pozzer, Neil M. Donahue, Hartwig Harder, Jasper Kirkby, Xu-Cheng He and Joachim Curtius ()
Additional contact information
Douglas M. Russell: Goethe University Frankfurt
Felix Kunkler: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Jiali Shen: University of Helsinki
Matthias Kohl: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Jenna DeVivo: Carnegie Mellon University
Nirvan Bhattacharyya: Carnegie Mellon University
Christos Xenofontos: The Cyprus Institute
Hannah Klebach: Goethe University Frankfurt
Lucía Caudillo-Plath: Goethe University Frankfurt
Mario Simon: Goethe University Frankfurt
Emelda Ahongshangbam: University of Helsinki
João Almeida: European Organisation for Nuclear Research
Antonio Amorim: Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
Hannah Beckmann: University of Tartu
Mattia Busato: European Organisation for Nuclear Research
Manjula R. Canagaratna: Aerodyne Research Inc.
Anouck Chassaing: Stockholm University
Romulo Cruz-Simbron: University of Colorado Boulder
Lubna Dada: Paul Scherrer Institute
Philip Holzbeck: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Bernhard Judmaier: University of Innsbruck
Milin Kaniyodical Sebastian: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Paap Koemets: University of Tartu
Timm Krüger: Goethe University Frankfurt
Lu Liu: Paul Scherrer Institute
Monica Martinez: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Bernhard Mentler: University of Innsbruck
Aleksandra Morawiec: University of Vienna
Antti Onnela: European Organisation for Nuclear Research
Tuukka Petäjä: University of Helsinki
Pedro Rato: Goethe University Frankfurt
Mago Reza: University of Colorado Boulder
Samuel Ruhl: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Wiebke Scholz: University of Innsbruck
Eva Sommer: European Organisation for Nuclear Research
António Tomé: Universidade da Beira Interior
Yandong Tong: University of Colorado Boulder
Jens Top: Paul Scherrer Institute
Nsikanabasi Silas Umo: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Gabriela R. Unfer: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)
Ryan X. Ward: California Institute of Technology
Jakob Weissbacher: University of Innsbruck
Boxing Yang: Paul Scherrer Institute
Wenjuan Yu: University of Helsinki
Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek: Goethe University Frankfurt
Imad Zgheib: TOFWERK
Jiangyi Zhang: University of Helsinki
Zhensen Zheng: University of Innsbruck
Imad El Haddad: Paul Scherrer Institute
Richard C. Flagan: California Institute of Technology
Armin Hansel: University of Innsbruck
Heikki Junninen: University of Tartu
Markku Kulmala: University of Helsinki
Katrianne Lehtipalo: University of Helsinki
Jos Lelieveld: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Ottmar Möhler: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Siegfried Schobesberger: University of Eastern Finland
Rainer Volkamer: University of Colorado Boulder
Paul M. Winkler: University of Vienna
Douglas R. Worsnop: University of Helsinki
Theodoros Christoudias: The Cyprus Institute
Andrea Pozzer: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Neil M. Donahue: Carnegie Mellon University
Hartwig Harder: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Jasper Kirkby: Goethe University Frankfurt
Xu-Cheng He: University of Helsinki
Joachim Curtius: Goethe University Frankfurt

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Isoprene (C5H8) is the non-methane hydrocarbon with the highest emissions to the atmosphere. It is mainly produced by vegetation, especially broad-leaved trees, and efficiently transported to the upper troposphere in deep convective clouds, where it is mixed with lightning NOx. Isoprene oxidation products drive rapid formation and growth of new particles in the tropical upper troposphere. However, isoprene oxidation pathways at low temperatures are not well understood. Here, in experiments at the CERN CLOUD chamber at 223 K and 243 K, we find that isoprene oxygenated organic molecules (IP-OOM) all involve two successive $${{{\rm{OH}}}}^{\bullet}$$ OH ∙ oxidations. However, depending on the ambient concentrations of the termination radicals ( $${{{{\rm{HO}}}}_{2}}^{\bullet},\,{{{\rm{NO}}}}^{\bullet}$$ HO 2 ∙ , NO ∙ , and $${{{\rm{NO}}}}_{2}^{\bullet}$$ NO 2 ∙ ), vastly-different IP-OOM emerge, comprising compounds with zero, one or two nitrogen atoms. Our findings indicate high IP-OOM production rates for the tropical upper troposphere, mainly resulting in nitrate IP-OOM but with an increasing non-nitrate fraction around midday, in close agreement with aircraft observations.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64229-w

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