DNA StairLoop: enabling high-fidelity data recovery and robust error correction in DNA-based data storage

Zihui Yan, Guanjin Qu, Xin Chen, Gang Zheng and Huaming Wu ()
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Zihui Yan: Tianjin University
Guanjin Qu: Tianjin University
Xin Chen: Tianjin University
Gang Zheng: National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin
Huaming Wu: Tianjin University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract High-throughput electrochemical synthesis is an emerging DNA synthesis technology that has attracted considerable attention due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. However, its high error rates and poor synthesis uniformity pose significant challenges for applications in DNA data storage, where high fidelity is essential. In this study, we present StairLoop, a coding scheme designed to address these error characteristics, providing robust error-correcting capabilities. Validated through in-vitro experiments, StairLoop successfully recovers original data under harsh conditions, including nucleotide error rates exceeding 6% or dropout rates over 30% within a block, with sequencing depths of less than 3x . Moreover, the simulation results show that StairLoop can achieve an error correction capability of 10% at the mean coverage rate of 15x. These results highlight StairLoop’s potential to enhance the reliability and practicality of electrochemical DNA synthesis for data storage applications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64230-3

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