Flexible InGaAs/InAlAs avalanche photodiodes for short-wave infrared detection

Jishen Zhang, Rui Shao, Haiwen Xu, Kian Hua Tan, Satrio Wicaksono, Qiwen Kong, Gong Zhang, Chen Sun, Yue Chen, Aaron Danner, Soon-Fatt Yoon and Xiao Gong ()
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Jishen Zhang: National University of Singapore
Rui Shao: National University of Singapore
Haiwen Xu: National University of Singapore
Kian Hua Tan: National University of Singapore
Satrio Wicaksono: National University of Singapore
Qiwen Kong: National University of Singapore
Gong Zhang: National University of Singapore
Chen Sun: National University of Singapore
Yue Chen: National University of Singapore
Aaron Danner: National University of Singapore
Soon-Fatt Yoon: National University of Singapore
Xiao Gong: National University of Singapore

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Flexible detectors have gained growing research interest due to their promising applications in optical sensing and imaging systems with a broad field-of-view. However, most research have focused on conventional photodiodes of which the responsivity are limited at short-wave infrared due to the absence of internal multiplication gain. Here we have realized and demonstrated flexible thin-film InGaAs/InAlAs avalanche photodiodes on a mica substrate for short-wave infrared detection. This achievement was made possible by the development and implementation of a low-temperature bonding and well-optimized fabrication process. Our devices exhibit promising characteristics, including low dark current, good responsivity, and high multiplication gain. Even when subjected to bending conditions, the avalanche photodiodes maintain their general performance. The advent of such flexible InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with reliable and promising performance enables a significantly broader range of potential applications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64401-2

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