Interfacial design strategies for stable and high-performance perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells on industrial silicon cells

Lingyi Fang, Ming Ren, Biwen Li, Xuzheng Liu, Suzhe Liang, Julian Petermann, Mohammad Gholipoor, Tonghan Zhao, Johannes Sutter, Paul Fassl, Henry Weber, Ralf Niemann, Linjie Dai, Renjun Guo (), Uli Lemmer, Fabian Fertig and Ulrich W. Paetzold ()
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Lingyi Fang: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Ming Ren: Sun Yat-sen University
Biwen Li: University of Cambridge
Xuzheng Liu: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Suzhe Liang: Eastern Institute of Technology
Julian Petermann: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Mohammad Gholipoor: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Tonghan Zhao: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Johannes Sutter: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Paul Fassl: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Henry Weber: Hanwha Q CELLS GmbH
Ralf Niemann: Hanwha Q CELLS GmbH
Linjie Dai: University of Cambridge
Renjun Guo: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Uli Lemmer: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Fabian Fertig: Hanwha Q CELLS GmbH
Ulrich W. Paetzold: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Reducing interfacial non-radiative recombination at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface remains a critical challenge for achieving high performance and stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. This study analyzes energy losses and design bilayer passivation for enhancing the performance and durability of tandem solar cells. Our experimental results confirm that, the bilayer passivation strategy, precisely modulates perovskite energy level alignment, reduces defect density, and suppresses interfacial non-radiative recombination. Moreover, the ALD-AlOx forms a homogeneous film on the perovskite grain surface while creating island-like structures at grain boundaries, enabling nanoscale local contact areas for subsequent PDAI2 deposition. While serving as an ion diffusion barrier, this structure facilitates moderate n-type doping and enhances charge extraction and transport efficiency. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells incorporating AlOx/PDAI2 treatment achieve a power conversion efficiency of 31.6% (certified at 30.8%), utilizing industrial silicon bottom cells fabricated with Q CELLS’ Q.ANTUM technology. Furthermore, our device exhibits 95% efficiency retention after 1000 hours of maximum power point tracking at 25 oC.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64467-y

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