Defect-engineered black tetragonal-tungsten-bronze ferroelectric crystal for full spectrum absorption and broadband photoelectronic conversion

Yaqian Wang, Ruirui Liu, Tian-Ci Ma, Yabo Wu, Dazhi Lu, Mao-Hua Zhang, Fei Liang (), Haohai Yu (), Huaijin Zhang () and Yicheng Wu
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Yaqian Wang: Shandong University
Ruirui Liu: Tianjin University of Technology
Tian-Ci Ma: Beijing University of Technology
Yabo Wu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dazhi Lu: Shandong University
Mao-Hua Zhang: Wuzhen Laboratory
Fei Liang: Shandong University
Haohai Yu: Shandong University
Huaijin Zhang: Shandong University
Yicheng Wu: Tianjin University of Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Ferroelectric crystals have emerged as promising candidates for exotic optoelectronic platforms. However, the wide bandgaps of transparent ferroelectric crystals restrict their ultraviolet optical activity, hindering broadband photoelectric conversion. Herein, a hierarchical defect engineering strategy is proposed for ferroelectric oxides to achieve full-spectrum optical absorption and boost broadband self-powered photodetection. Based on the transparent calcium barium niobate crystal, red Ce:CSBN is designed through the cooperative isovalent substitution of Sr2+ and aliovalent substitution of Ce3+. Furthermore, a black Ce:CSBN crystal is fabricated via thermal reduction, which demonstrated ultra-broadband absorption from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared range. This extended absorption capability is attributed to the judiciously modulated oxygen vacancies. Consequently, self-powered photodetection is realized in the 250–5000 nm range with a high responsivity of >1 mA/W, representing the widest responsive range among all-known ferroelectric detectors. More impressively, a reversible red-black transition is achieved by controlling oxygen vacancy concentration.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64507-7

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