Electroinitiated interfacial healing for external pressure-free solid-state sodium metal batteries

Tingzhou Yang, Siqi Qin, Shihui Gao, Xiaoen Wang (), Dan Luo, Yu Shi, Qianyi Ma, Xinyu Zhang, Yongguang Zhang () and Zhongwei Chen ()
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Tingzhou Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Siqi Qin: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shihui Gao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaoen Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dan Luo: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yu Shi: 200 University Ave. W.
Qianyi Ma: 200 University Ave. W.
Xinyu Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yongguang Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhongwei Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Solid-state sodium metal batteries with inorganic electrolytes have long been heralded as candidates for post-lithium-ion batteries. However, challenges including interfacial instability and air sensitivity continue to impede their path to commercialization. Here, we propose an interfacial healing strategy for solid-state sodium metal batteries by utilizing an electroinitiated accelerated polymerization process facilitated by charged microdroplets to increase the polymerization rate by 21.4 times. We show that the charge-driven electrowetting enables efficient coating layers at interfaces, which impart prolonged air stability and preferentially fill voids and cracks, further constructing stable interfaces with improved compatibility and preventing dendrite-induced crack propagation. A higher critical current density of 6.8 mA cm−2 is achieved, and assembled cells exhibit prolonged cycling life at 1.0 C over 1000 cycles. In particular, the electroinitiated accelerated polymerization-assisted interfacial healing strategy enables Ah-level pouch cells to undergo stable long-term cycling without any clamping force, demonstrating the capabilities of solid-state batteries in practical applications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64612-7

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