Delayed integration of somatostatin interneurons into visual circuits

Alex Wang, Katie A. Ferguson, Jyoti Gupta, Victoria H. Fan, Stefan Sun, Daniel Barson, Michael J. Higley and Jessica A. Cardin ()
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Alex Wang: Yale University School of Medicine
Katie A. Ferguson: Yale University School of Medicine
Jyoti Gupta: Yale University School of Medicine
Victoria H. Fan: Yale University School of Medicine
Stefan Sun: Yale University School of Medicine
Daniel Barson: Yale University School of Medicine
Michael J. Higley: Yale University School of Medicine
Jessica A. Cardin: Yale University School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal receptive fields are generally thought to be fully established prior to eye-opening, with subsequent experience-dependent refinement controlled by GABAergic inhibition and regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. However, GABAergic interneurons (INs) are diverse and relatively little is known about the early postnatal roles of dendrite-targeting interneurons. Surprisingly, we find that somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) in mouse V1 are not visually responsive at eye opening, instead developing visual sensitivity during the third postnatal week. Over the same period, SST-INs exhibit a rapid increase in excitatory innervation without compensatory synaptic scaling. Simultaneous imaging and optogenetic manipulation in juvenile animals reveals that SST-INs largely exert a multiplicative modulation of nearby excitatory neuron responses at all ages, but this effect increases over time. Our results identify a uniquely delayed developmental window for maturation of this inhibitory circuit and its contribution to visual gain normalization.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64628-z

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