Design of direction-independent hydrovoltaic electricity generator based on all-foam asymmetric electrode

Yaohao Zhang, Fei Yu, Liying Wang, Xijia Yang, Yue Yang, Xuesong Li (), Yang Gao, Yi Jiang, Ke Jiang, Wei Lü (), Xiaojuan Sun () and Dabing Li ()
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Yaohao Zhang: Changchun University of Technology
Fei Yu: Changchun University of Technology
Liying Wang: Changchun University of Technology
Xijia Yang: Changchun University of Technology
Yue Yang: Changchun University of Technology
Xuesong Li: Changchun University of Technology
Yang Gao: Changchun University of Technology
Yi Jiang: Changchun Institute of Technology
Ke Jiang: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wei Lü: Changchun University of Technology
Xiaojuan Sun: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dabing Li: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract To obtain higher open-circuit voltage, metal sheets and carbon electrodes are often used to construct asymmetric electrodes of water evaporation generators. However, the metal sheets hinder water evaporation, limiting device performance. Herein, an all foam-structured asymmetric water evaporation generator independent of water evaporation direction is designed. ZIF-67 has been shown to effectively enhance the surface potential of foamed iron electrodes and provide Co2+ charge carriers for charge transfer. After combining the FI-based cathode with melamine foam and a composite carbon cloth anode to form the FI/ZIF67@CMF-MF-CC@CNTs type device, compared with the metal sheet electrode, the current density is increased by 300% up to 862 μA/cm2 and the voltage is increased by 50% up to 782 mV. The optimal power density is 101 μW/cm2. We also demonstrate present device in both energy harvesting and daily electronics, highlighting its potential for scalable energy utility.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64644-z

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